Interference by the Division of
the Wavefront
4.1 Theory
There are two methods for producing two coherent sources. One method
involves the division of the wavefront as in the Young’s double slit experiment
and the second method involves the division of the amplitude as in the
Micheslson interferometer. In this experiemnt we study two arrangements
for producing inteference by wavefront division and use these to determine
the wavelength of light. Refer to Chapter 13 of Jenkins and White or Section
9.3 of Hecht for a discussion of Lloyd’s Mirror and Fresnel’s Biprism.
Fresnel’s Biprism
The arrangement from Fresnel biprism is shown in Fig. (4.2). The biprism
consists of two small angle prisms joined together at their bases. When a
wavefront from the source S is incident, the upper portion of the wavefront is
refracted downward and the lower portion is refracted upward. The refracted
wavefronts appear to come from virtual sources S1 and S2. They overlap
in the shaded region and produce inteference fringes. If a be the separation
beteween S1 and S2 and d+D be the source to screen separation, the location
of the m-th bright fringe is given by
ym = mλ D + d
a , (4.8)
where y is measured from the center of the interference pattern. Just as in
the Lloyd’s mirror experiment, the wavelength of light can be determined
from measurements of fringe separation in the interference pattern.
the Wavefront
4.1 Theory
There are two methods for producing two coherent sources. One method
involves the division of the wavefront as in the Young’s double slit experiment
and the second method involves the division of the amplitude as in the
Micheslson interferometer. In this experiemnt we study two arrangements
for producing inteference by wavefront division and use these to determine
the wavelength of light. Refer to Chapter 13 of Jenkins and White or Section
9.3 of Hecht for a discussion of Lloyd’s Mirror and Fresnel’s Biprism.
Fresnel’s Biprism
The arrangement from Fresnel biprism is shown in Fig. (4.2). The biprism
consists of two small angle prisms joined together at their bases. When a
wavefront from the source S is incident, the upper portion of the wavefront is
refracted downward and the lower portion is refracted upward. The refracted
wavefronts appear to come from virtual sources S1 and S2. They overlap
in the shaded region and produce inteference fringes. If a be the separation
beteween S1 and S2 and d+D be the source to screen separation, the location
of the m-th bright fringe is given by
ym = mλ D + d
a , (4.8)
where y is measured from the center of the interference pattern. Just as in
the Lloyd’s mirror experiment, the wavelength of light can be determined
from measurements of fringe separation in the interference pattern.
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